哈佛学生杂志激辩“北美新社会主义共和国宪法”

2011-10-08 14:15:07 作者：不详 来源：马克思主义评论网

标题：《北美新社会主义共和国宪法》（草案）—中云译

在哈佛：用美国革命共产党的《北美新社会主义共和国宪法》（草案）制造一次大震动
Revolution #246, 2011-9-25，中云译

随着一篇op-ed文章在9月22日的《哈佛红》（Harvard Crimson）上的发表及一封致哈佛全体师生的公开信，围绕美国革命共产党的《北美新社会主义共和国宪法》（草案）（Constitution for the New Socialist Republic in North America (Draft Proposal)），雷蒙德.罗塔正尽力在美国最重要的大学校园里制造一次大震动（big splash）。

罗塔与其它人本周末（9月24至25日）在哈佛参加一个由哈佛法学院及茶党爱国者共同主办的讨论会。这个讨论会的主题是关于修改美国宪法。罗塔在公开信中邀请参加这个讨论会的进步人士们为一个不同的宪法、一个不同的世界、一个不同的未来而向前努力——而不是倒退并试图形成些对美国宪法及资本主义-帝国主义制度有利的、仅意味着人类无休止的苦难的东西。

剑桥市（美国坎布里奇，哈佛、麻省理工等大学所在地）革命书店通过大量散发传单、销售《北美新社会主义共和国宪法》（草案）、出版鲍勃.阿瓦基安的新书《BAsics》、深入学生宿舍发起讨论，帮助组织并吸引人们加入进来。在《哈佛红》上，回应罗塔op-ed一文的论战已经爆发。

在接下来的几个月里，在哈佛及其它地方，罗塔将加入公共讨论、进行演讲、与学生和教授们一起讨论、参加立场鲜明的对话并接受媒体采访。主题是：“一个悲惨的世界正在崩溃；资本主义是一种恐怖、一种失败；但有另一种解放的、可行的选择。”

美国革命共产党的《北美新社会主义共和国宪法》（草案）正是这样一个具体的实际的选择。它是鲍勃.阿瓦基安共产主义新综合（new synthesis）的一次激动人心的应用。它必将具有极其巨大的知识-政治（intellectual-political）影响。

下面就是罗塔致哈佛全体师生的公开信：

雷蒙德.罗塔致哈佛全体师生的一封公开信

美国宪法：一个剥削者们的自由的设想Vs 另一个可行的、解放性的、可选择的宪法

本周末将有一个让人不安的讨论会。它叫宪法大会讨论会。哈佛法学院及自由主义的Fix Congress First与茶党爱国者（Tea Party Patriots）联合起来一起估量宪法大会的价值，因为“美国的民主停滞了”。

在“左”和右之间对修改美国宪法的对话与争论的题目下，这个讨论会将进一步使反动的茶党运动合法化。我说的是亚利桑那挥舞着旗帜的愤怒暴民、压倒性多数的白人、威胁移民；纽约的“零清真寺”殴打穆斯林动员；关于“从公共广场移走神像”的神权凌辱；在保卫“国家权利”时暗含种族主义的声明。

对Lawrence Lessig，哈佛道德（ethics）中心主任，我摆出这个问题：你们怎么能自称对这一初始法西斯运动道德上关心但行动上却与之相互呼应呢？

1)本周末讨论会的预定目的是“讨论组织一次宪法大会的适当性与可行性”，因为“我们的共和国没有照我们的制定者们的原意运行”。好，让我们来看一下“原意”：
美国宪法支持奴隶制并使它制度化。宪法制定者们是这个新共和国的两个统治阶级的代表：奴隶主及商人与小企业主组成的新兴资产阶级。宪法使这两个统治阶级能够从奴隶及工人们身上积累财富并继续灭绝原来的本土美洲人。

我请这个讨论会的主办人来讨论美国革命共产党主席鲍勃.阿瓦基安指出的这一简单、基本的事实：“没有奴隶制就没有今天我们现在所知道的美国（There would be no United States as we now know it today without slavery）。”

2)讨论会的号召中谈到“特殊利益”已经“控制了政府”。这是完全错误的。

美国政府是一个压迫性的资本主义国家政权的一个关键部分。它一直被用于为国内市场的扩张与统一服务，并用于保护一种财产权制度，使资产阶级能控制住创造财富的工具，剥削劳工。

这一国家政权一直服务于一个全球帝国的兴起与扩张，依赖剥削、抢劫及战争：从由墨西哥偷得土地，到吞并波多黎各，到占领菲律宾，到越南，到伊拉克及阿富汗……

这些都不是“特殊利益”导致的结果，而是因有一个资本主义-帝国主义制度。美国宪法的“天才”的一部分是，它是这样一个宪章，看上去同样对待每一个人，然而却在资本主义经济、社会及政治制度的中心，掩藏并增强了深刻的不平等、不一致与阶级分化。

我请这个讨论会中的任何一位演讲人讨论下面这个问题：一个宪法如果保护每家公司剥削与解雇工人却拒绝人们基本的吃饭权利，它已在经济上、社会上及道德上破产。

3)讨论会的号召中谈到了国会的“惰性”及“阻碍变革”的力量。

惰性？这套制度在为美国的帝国主义战争提供资金时，在批准引渡、折磨及国内秘密监视时，工作得极有效率。在涉及到强行大量削减开支，伤害大多数穷人和有色人种时，国会里没有阻塞。在涉及到加强刑罚制度，根据一个种族主义的“反毒品战”、反宪法的“停下、搜身”法及不平等的判决，把每9个青年黑人中的一个送进监狱时，没有堵塞。

一个悲惨的世界正在崩溃，一个更好的世界是可能的

美国正在进行非正义的帝国主义战争。这颗星球的生态系统被危害。就在现在：现有的知识技术能为这个星球上的每个人生产出足够的食物，同时却有近10亿人在挨饿。资本主义是一种恐怖，一种失败。

但一个更美好的世界是可能的，一个新的革命的社会的可能设想与可行计划包含在美国革命共产党的《北美新社会主义共和国宪法》（草案）中（http://revcom.us/socialistconstitution）。在进行革命的基础上，它将形成以下结果：

一种不同的国家政权，它与世界上的被压迫者有共同的理想，而不是对他们发动战争。
一种基于人类需求的经济与社会，它能很好地保护这颗行星的生态系统。
一个政府，它能动员人民去根除压迫少数民族和妇女的传统。
一个社会，它致力于克服在思想领域工作的人们与主要凭双手劳动但被排除于享受精神生活之外的人们之间的巨大分化。一个有前所未有的知识激情与批判思维及一种充满生机的文化的社会。

一种统治制度，它使大多数人能负责社会的方向，促进一种合作的风气，保护与扩大全体人民的权力而不是剥削者们的“权力与自由法案（人权）”，这个法案使不满到处都是。

这一设想与计划，不仅是为了形成一个更好的社会，而且也是为了向一个完全不同的没有压迫或剥削的社会前进，向一个人民能最终活得像个人的未来前进。因有鲍勃.阿瓦基安提出的一个共产主义新综合，这一设想有了根据与可能。


附：《哈佛红》（Harvard Crimson）英文原文

Two Constitutions, Two Futures

A disturbing conference is taking place this weekend, the Conference on the Constitutional Convention. Harvard Law School and the liberal group Fix Congress First are joining forces with the Tea Party Patriots to weigh the merits of a constitutional convention, because “democracy in America is stalled.”

Under the rubric of dialogue and debate between the “Left” and Right about amending the U.S. constitution, this conference will further legitimate the reactionary Tea Party movement.

The U.S. is waging unjust imperial wars. The ecosystems of the planet are endangered. The know-how and technology exist to produce enough food for everyone on the planet; meanwhile some one billion go hungry. Capitalism is a horror and a failure.

I put this challenge to progressive people seeking change and attending this conference. Rather than reaching out to the proto-fascists and Tea Party-ers with their anti-immigrant, Islamophobic, and racist-encoded “states rights” agenda, rather than looking to repair a system that has only meant misery and more misery for humanity—why not reach forward to a viable and emancipatory alternative? This is what the Constitution of the New Socialist Republic in North America (Draft Proposal) From the Revolutionary Communist Party, U.S. is about.

The call for this weekend’s conference speaks of “inertia” in Congress and forces that are “blocking change.” In fact, the system is working quite effectively in funding America’s imperial wars and sanctioning rendition, torture, and domestic spying. There has been no “inertia” when it comes to enforcing a legal-penal system that has put one of nine young black men in prison—based on a racist “war on drugs,” unconstitutional “stop and frisk” laws, and unequal sentencing.

The call for the weekend conference states that “special interests” have “captured government.” This is profoundly wrong.

The U.S. government is a key part of a repressive capitalist state power. It has functioned consistently to serve the expansion and consolidation of a national market and to protect a property rights system based on the control of the means of producing wealth by a small capitalist class that exploits wage laborers.

This state power has functioned consistently to serve the rise and extension of a global empire that rests on exploitation, plunder, and war: from the theft of land from Mexico to the annexation of Puerto Rico and the occupation of the Philippines to Vietnam to Iraq and Afghanistan.

These are not “special interests” at work, but a system of capitalism-imperialism. Part of the “genius” of the U.S. Constitution is that it is a charter that appears to treat everyone the same while concealing and reinforcing the profound inequalities, disparities, and class divisions at the heart of the capitalist economic, social and political system.

I challenge any speaker at this conference to debate the following proposition: A constitution that protects the right of any corporation to exploit and lay off workers, while denying the basic right to eat, is economically, socially, and morally bankrupt.

A world of misery is coming apart. Will people remain locked within a framework of exploitation – or join in fighting for and working towards something truly liberating and viable? Because a radically different and better world is now possible, owing to the new synthesis of communism developed over decades by Bob Avakian. The Constitution for the New Socialist Republic in North America is based on this new synthesis and is a concrete plan for a different kind of state power that makes common cause with—not wars against—the oppressed of the world. It would be an economy and society based on what humanity needs and geared to protecting the ecosystems of the planet. This would be a government that mobilizes people to uproot the legacies of the oppression of minority nationalities and women.

Our new society would be a society working to overcome the great division between those who work in the realm of ideas and those who mainly work with their hands and are excluded from enjoying the life of the mind: a society of unprecedented intellectual ferment and critical thinking, with a vibrant culture.

This society would be supported by a system of governance that empowers the great majority to take responsibility for the direction of society, that promotes an ethos of cooperation, that protects and expands the rights of the people in a whole other way than the exploiters’ Bill of Rights, and where dissent flourishes.

This is a vision and plan not only for a better society, but also for one in motion towards a world without oppression and exploitation, toward a future where people could finally live as human beings.

Here we are: two different constitutions, two different worlds, two different futures.

Raymond Lotta is a political economist and writes for Revolution newspaper.