芝麻糯米糍热量:为何美国人寿命在缩短

美国人的寿命正在缩短

Life expectancy is still rising, but not nearly at the same pace as other wealthy nations due to high rates of smoking and obesity.

全球的平均寿命正在延长，但是美国人由于过度吸烟以及肥胖症，其寿命的增长速度并没有其他发达国家快。

THE GIST

摘要

Mortality records from 21 countries show the United States trailing behind nine other rich nations in life-span gains.

21个国家的死亡记录表明，美国人的寿命增长落后于其他9个发达国家

Cigarette smoking and obesity are two major causes of this gap.

  造成这种差距的主要原因是吸烟和肥胖

The United States spends more on health care than any other country.

然而，美国在卫生保健方面的投资比其他任何国家都多

High smoking rates in the past, combined with widespread obesity, continue to chip away at U.S. life expectancy compared to other wealthy nations, a study released Tuesday said.

本周二发布的一项研究表明，美国过去的高吸烟率以及普遍的肥胖现象导致了其平均寿命落后于其他发达国家

Over the past 25 years, life expectancy after 50 has risen in the United States, but at a slower rate than in countries like Japan and Australia, said the National Academy of Sciences report.

在过去的25年中，美国人超过50岁的平均寿命有所增加，但是与日本、澳大利亚这样的国家相比其增长速度还是很低，美国国家科学院报道说。

The gap sounded the alarm among government researchers because the United States spends more on health care than any other country, said the study which examined mortality records in 21 countries.

对21个国家的死亡率记录尽享研究的调查表明，由于美国在卫生保健方面比其他国家投入都多，这样大的差距给美国政府敲响了警钟。

Men in the U.S. showed an increase in life expectancy of 5.5 years between 1980 and 2006 for an average lifespan of 75.64 years, while U.S. women's lifespans expanded from 77.5 to 80.7 years.

自1980到2006年，美国男性的人均寿命增加了5.5岁，平均寿命为75.64岁，然而女性的人均寿命从77.5增加到80.7岁

"Three to five decades ago, smoking was much more widespread in the U.S. than in Europe or Japan, and the health consequences are still playing out in today's mortality rates," said the report. "Smoking appears to be responsible for a good deal of the differences in life expectancy, especially for women."

  三十年到五十年之前，美国的吸烟率远高于欧洲或者日本，直接影响了现在的死亡率，报道称，吸烟是造成平均寿命差距的罪魁祸首，尤其是对女性。

Cigarette smoking also appears to have dented life expectancy in Denmark and the Netherlands, the report said, noting those two nations showed "lower life expectancy trends than comparable high-income countries."

报道称，吸烟问题也导致了丹麦和荷兰的人均寿命缩减，这两个国家的人均寿命也比相对高收入的国家低。

Globally, women tended to pick up smoking later than men, and started quitting later than men, too.

从全球角度看，女性比男性开始吸烟的晚，但同时戒烟也比男性晚.。

In 1980, average U.S. life expectancy for women at age 50 was 30.6 years, similar to women in nine other industrialized countries.

1980年，美国50岁的女性的预期寿命为30.6年，与其他工业国家的女性寿命相似

But in 2007, women in America gained just 2.5 years for a 33.1 year life expectancy at age 50, compared to gains of 6.4 years in Japan, 5.2 years in Italy and 3.9 years on average among the nine other rich countries.

但是在2007年，50岁女性的预期寿命增加到33.1，增加了2.5，而日本的女性预期寿命增加了6.4年，意大利增加了5.2年，其他九个国家平均增长了3.9年。

"Similarly, life expectancy in Japan is expected to improve less rapidly than it otherwise would, because of more-recent high smoking rates," said the study.

“同样，日本的预期寿命也比预想中增加的少，也是由于近期的高吸烟率造成的”调查表明

In a country where one in three people are overweight, obesity could also be to blame for "a fifth to a third of the shortfall in longevity in the U.S. compared to other nations," said the researchers. "And if the obesity trend in the U.S. continues, it may offset the longevity improvements expected from reductions in smoking."

研究者称，“在美国，三分之一的人超重，所以肥胖导致了美国的人均寿命与其他国家相比下降了五分之一到三分之一”“如果美国的肥胖趋势继续蔓延，减少吸烟率可能延长寿命的期望也将被毁灭”

Women in Japan had the highest life expectancy -- 85.98 years -- just edging out France (84.39) and Italy (84.09) based on the most recent data, while men in Australia are living the longest -- 79.27 years -- followed by Sweden (78.92) and Canada (78.35).

最新的数据表明，日本女性有最长的预期寿命—85.98岁，其次是法国(84.39)，再次是意大利(84.09)， 然而男性在澳大利亚的寿命最长79.27岁，其次是瑞典(78.92)，再次是加拿大(78.35)。