适合大基数减肥方法:[原创]五月花号公约

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文章提交者:永远要做好人 加帖在猫眼看人 【凯迪网络】 http://www.kdnet.net
1620年11月11日,经过在海上六十六天的漂泊之后,“五月花号”大帆船向陆地靠近。船上有一百零二名乘客。他们的目的地本是哈德逊河口地区,但由于海上风浪险恶,他们错过了目标,于是就在现在的科德角外普罗温斯顿港抛锚。由于那时已是深秋,他们决定就在那儿登陆而不继续航行。而且由于他们不再是到一块他们持有执照的领地上,为了建立一个大家都能受到约束的自治基础,他们在上岸之前签订了一份公约。
THE MAYFLOWER COMPACT(1620)
Composed by William Bradford Adopted November 11, 1620
[This Compact, drawn up in the cabin of the Mayflower, was not a constitution, a document defining and limiting the functions ofgovernment. It was, however, the germ of popular government in America.
Governor Bradford makes this reference to the circumstances under which
the Compact was drawn up and signed:
This day, before we came to harbour, observing some not well affected to unity and concord, but gave some appearance of faction, it was thought good there should be an association and agreement, that we should combine together in one body, and to submit to such government and governors as we should by common consent agree to make and choose, and set our hands to this that follows, word for word.]
In the name of God, Amen.
We whose names are underwritten, the loyal subjects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, etc, having undertaken, for the glory of God, and advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our king and country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the Northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In witness whereof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cape-Cod the 11 of November, in the year of the reign of our sovereign lord, King James, of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini 1620.
King James, of England, France, and Ireland the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini 1620
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以上帝的名义,阿门。我们这些签署人是蒙上帝保佑的大不列颠、法兰西和爱尔兰的国王——信仰和教会的捍卫者詹姆斯国王陛下的忠顺臣民。
为了上帝的荣耀,为了增强基督教信仰,为了提高我们国王和国家的荣誉,我们漂洋过海,在维吉尼亚北部开发第一个殖民地。我们在上帝面前共同立誓签约,自愿结为一民众自治团体。为了使上述目的能得到更好地实施、维护和发展,将来不时依此而制定颁布的被认为是对这个殖民地全体人民都最适合、最方便的法律、法规、条令、宪章和公职,我们都保证遵守和服从.据此于主后l620年11月11日,于英格兰、法兰西、爱尔兰第十八世国王暨苏格兰第五十四世国王詹姆斯陛下在位之年,我们在科德角签名如下。
这一段文字,第一次从民众的角度阐述了国家权力的来源:国家是民众以契约的形式合意组建的,国家的公权力来自于民众所度让的部分权利的组合。法律实施的真正力量源于民众对于国家法律合法性与公正性的认同,出于对法律的敬畏而自愿服从,而不是慑于国家暴力。法律是为了维护全体社会成员的整体利益而不是为了维系某种统治秩序而制定的。也就是说,这一份写在一张简陋的纸上的契约从法理上、根本上否定了君权神授的理论,并以某种形式指出国家的权力来自以全体社会成员以契约达成合意所出让的部分私权利的组合。
         
  *.*.*.*   2011/5/30 19:56:37
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四百年前的公约好像比鸡国的XF好
  *.*.*.*   2011/5/30 20:00:57
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鸡国的D 代表人民!!!!
  *.*.*.*   2011/5/30 20:24:00
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鸡国的D 指挥GUN!!!
  *.*.*.*   2011/5/30 20:36:54
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