遗落战境手机在线看:摇摆的企鹅堆

摇摆的企鹅堆阅读原文

原作者：
来源Penguins Do the Wave to Stay Warm : Discovery News
译者君麟

By huddling together and using synchronized movements, the birds can stay warm in the coldest environment on Earth.

通过挤在一起并一起做一个协调的运动，这些企鹅可以在地球上最冷的环境中保持温暖。

THE GIST

概要

Emperor penguins have their own version of "the wave" which they use to stay warm.

帝企鹅对“摇摆”有他们自己的方式，他们以此保持温暖

A wave of movement passes through a huddle of penguins about every 30 to 60 seconds.

它们挤在一起，每30-60秒摇摆一次

The movement was discovered using software designed to follow tagged cancer cells.

· 它们的这种运动是被一种用于检查癌细胞的软件发现的。

Emperor penguins huddled together against the cold are using coordinated waves of movement to stay tightly packed together.

帝企鹅们挤在一起，通过用协调的摇摆动作紧挨在一块来抵抗寒冷的环境。

Thesurprising finding has emerged from a detailed analysis of penguinsnear the Neumayer Antarctic Research Station, which is reported in thisweek's edition of PLoS One.

这个惊人的发现是源自对Neumayer南极研究站附近的企鹅，这个发现被登在了这周的《科学公共图书馆》上

DanielZitterbart, a PhD physics student based at the University ofErlangen-Nüremberg in Germany was working at the base as a geophysicist,when he became intrigued by the way the huddled penguins moved.

丹尼尔.泽特巴特。一个德国埃尔兰根大学的物理学在读博士作为一个地球物理研究者来研究这个问题，

Hetook time-lapsed images every second over a four-hour period, and thenused software, which he had previously designed to follow tagged cancercells, to enable him to follow the movements of penguins within thehuddle

他采取了4小时内每秒一张的慢速拍摄方法，然后使用他以前设计出的用来侦测癌细胞的软件，来跟随企鹅的摇摆频率。

Amazingly he found that a wave of movement was passing through the penguins, roughly every 30 to 60 seconds.

令人惊讶的是他发现企鹅们的这种运动大概每30-60秒重复一次。

"Allthe penguins in row one might move to the right by 5 or 10 centimeters(two or four inches) simultaneously, and then the penguins in the secondrow would do the same, just afterwards", says Barbara Wienecke, aseabird ecologist at the Australian Antarctic Division, who is one ofthe co-authors.

“所有第一排企鹅可能会同时向右移动5或10厘米（2到4英寸），在这之后，第二排的企鹅也会做同样的动作。”芭芭拉.维尼可，一个澳大利亚南极站的海鸟生态学家，是丹尼尔的合作作者之一。

Thepenguins in the huddles were all males, each balancing an egg on theirfeet as they endured two months of fasting in the Antarctic winter toincubate their eggs.

这里扎堆的企鹅都是雄性，他们每只双脚间都夹了一颗蛋，并要经受在寒冷的南极之冬里禁食2个月来孵化他们的宝宝。

"Emperorpenguins are the most superbly adapted bird to these conditions. Theyare the only warm-blooded animal that breeds in the Antarctic winter,"says Wienecke.

“帝企鹅在适应环境方面是伟大的。它们是唯一能在南极的冬天繁衍的温血动物”，维尼可说。

Thebirds form into huddles when it becomes very cold, and during storms.All the birds in a huddle face the same way, and pack together extremelyclosely, with as many as 10 to 12 of the huge birds per square metre,according to Wienecke. Huddles can contain hundreds or even thousands ofbirds.

这些鸟儿在很冷的天气，或是在风暴中都会挤在一起，它们面向同一方向，紧紧的挨在一块，每平方米能挤下10-12只，维尼可说，一堆里能挤下成百上千的企鹅。

"The wind-chill factor is just enormous. Huddling saves an awful lot of energy", she adds.

“刺骨寒风是使们这么做的主要原因。挤在一起能节约大量的体力和能量”，她补充道。

But why are the birds doing the wave as they huddle?

但是这些企鹅挤成一堆的同时为什么还要摇摆呢？

Zitterbart says that the waves are a coordinated movement, which keeps the huddle moving.

泽特布拉特说这是一种协调运动，使它们的小堆移动。

"Bykeeping the huddle in motion, you get a denser packing", he says. "Thesmall steps the penguins take compact the huddle, similar to the tappingof a bag of loosely packed granular material".

“维持群体的运动，就像是密集的包装材料一样”，他说，“企鹅们的小步移动使它们的堆群越来越紧密，就像把一包松散的颗粒物摇一摇使他们密集在一起。”

Wieneckethinks there might also be physiological reasons for the waves. "It mayimprove their blood circulation," she says. "Standing still for hourswould be very difficult."

维尼可认为企鹅的摇摆可能还存在生理原因，“这能以提高他们的血液循环”她说。 “而且站几个小时不动会是非常困难的。”

Zitterbartsays it is not clear whether there are 'pacemaker' penguins initiatingthe coordinated movements or whether the waves just arise naturally byall the penguins following a simple set of behavior rules.

泽特布拉特说现在还不知道是否有一只“领头鹅”带领大家摇摆，还是说这种摇摆是所有企鹅们遵循自身天性自然发生的。性自然发生的。

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