金美幸:How South Sudan was born?

来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/07/07 13:08:55

How South Sudan was born?

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A large crowd waves the new South Sudan flag during the unveiling of a statue of late South Sudan rebel leader John Garang during a ceremony celebrating the independence


Thousands of people flooded into the streets of this unlikely riverside boomtown early Saturday to celebrate the birth of the world's newest nation, the Republic of South Sudan - a land of searing poverty, windfall petrodollars and violent strife.


A crescendo of celebratory car horns rose in anticipation until they broke at midnight when joyous mayhem flooded into the streets to mark what may be one of the most grueling climbs to statehood that any nation has endured: a 50-year civil war that cost more than 2 million lives, tore families apart and sent hundreds of thousands into a diaspora around the world.


Sudan on Friday announced its official recognition of the new Republic of South Sudan, a day before its southern neighbour becomes the world’s newest nation.


“The Republic of Sudan announces that it recognises the Republic of South Sudan as an independent state, according to the borders existing on Jan.1, 1956,” Minister of Presidential Affairs Bakri Hassan Saleh said in a statement broadcast on state television.


“The government of Sudan is committed to implementing the comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) and to resolving all the post-referendum issues,” Saleh added. Sudan’s President Omar Al Bashir vowed after the referendum results were announced that his government would be the first to recognise an independent south.


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Woman dance during the Independence Day ceremony


On Thursday he repeated his claim to want a secure and stable south and confirmed that he would attend Saturday’s official celebrations in Juba.


And as celebrations begin to mark the birth tomorrow of the world's newest nation, the Republic of South Sudan, there are hopes that at long last its eight million people are about to enjoy a change of fortune.


But the portents are not promising. Despite its imminent emergence as the world's 193rd country and member of the UN, key issues relating to its secession from Sudan remain unresolved. Deep rivalries between the Muslim north and the Christian and animist south continue to flare into violence, casting an ominous shadow.


Violence is still endemic. More than 100,000 refugees have fled fighting in the Abyei region that both Sudan and South Sudan contest, and the past month has seen a harsh campaign by the Arab-led Sudanese government against African South Sudan sympathizers in the isolated Nuba mountains.


Internal clashes in South Sudan have killed more than 1,800 South Sudanese this year.


But, remarkably, after the weekend's ceremonies and festivities are over, South Sudan's greatest challenge may be the one that still lies ahead: building a nation almost from scratch.


Since the 2005 peace deal between Sudan and the former rebels who now lead South Sudan set independence in motion, roughly $12 billion in oil revenue and $10 billion in foreign aid has poured into this war-torn land. But flying overhead its sprawling savannas and swamps, few permanent structures or paved roads can be seen, leaving one to wonder where all the money has gone.

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"We are free," Helen Joseph , a young woman standing in the crowd next to her mother, told Al Jazeera. "We have only known war. Now we can know peace"


South Sudan, most of which is low-lying floodplain, still has no finished paved highway. Much of the population remains isolated and unreachable during the six-month rainy season. Adult illiteracy rates may be as high as 90 percent, and child and maternal mortality rates rank it as the worst in the world. Safe drinking water is a rare commodity.


And the government, composed largely of inexperienced former rebels, is likely years away from offering any substantial services on the ground.


All of which means, for the foreseeable years ahead, South Sudan is going to be propped up on foreign life support, dependent on a massive multilateral nation-building project to prevent humanitarian catastrophe or a regionally destabilizing political implosion.


"It's going to have to be a big international effort," said U.S. special envoy to Sudan Princeton Lyman. "This is not going to happen overnight. This is going to be a long, tough struggle."


The U.S. is going to focus heavily on building up an agricultural sector in South Sudan, said Lyman. Others, he said, will lead the way on health services, infrastructure or education initiatives. Everyone plans on pitching in with "capacity building," a popular term here among aid workers to denote training officials on how to do their jobs.


The multibillion-dollar test run conducted so far is an indication of how great and many the challenges are.


The South Sudan government contests the notion that the country is starting from zero, and indeed many of the worst-case scenarios have not come true.


The government under Salva Kiir - who assumed power after the death of the movement's founder, John Garang - defied skeptics by guiding the nation through a successful referendum for independence.
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