黑暗王朝闪金镇图片:英语高考专题复习讲与练冠词、数词

冠词
一、考点聚焦
1.不用冠词的情况
（1）专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词。
China , America, Smith，Air is matter.
（2）可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。
This dictionary is mine.
（3）季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。
March, May Day, National Day, Children’s Day, Women’s Day
Have you had supper?
Spring is the best season of the year.
（4）称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时，一般不加冠词。
What’s this, Father?    We made him our chairman.
Ask nurse to put the child to bed.    Professor Li.
（5）学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。
Do you study physics?
He likes playing football/chess.
精典名题导解
She is ____ newcomer to ____ chemistry but she has already made some important　 discoveries.
A. the; the　　　  B. the ; 不填　　  C. a; 不填 　　　D. a; the
（6）复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。
They are peasants/ workers.
（7）在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。
by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land
但：take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus需注意。
（8）某些固定词组中不用冠词。
①名词词组中：
husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork
②介词词组中：
to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to, at, from)university（college）,to（in, into, from）church, to(in, into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town, at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot
注意：在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
in hospital 住院（因病）
in the hospital在医院（工作、参观等）
in front of在前面，指某物体之外
in the front of在前部，指某物之内
in charge负责，主管           out of question没问题
in the charge由……负责        out of the question不可能
（9）as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。
Child as she is, she knows a lot of French.
（10）系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。
The young girl has turned writer.
= The young girl has become a writer.
（11）在单数名词 + after + 同一单数名词（表示“一个接一个”）结构中，单数可数名词前不加冠词。
She did experiment after experiment.
类似的还有：shop after shop, mistake after mistake
（12）形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。
①“most + 形容词原级”作“十分、非常、极”解时，前面不用定冠词。
Oh, it’s most beautiful.
②当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时，第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。
She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.
③当形容词最高级作表语，不表示与其他人或物相比时，其前不用定冠词。
The market in the country is busiest in winter.
④形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时，不能用定冠词。
A wolf in a sheep’s  skin is our most dangerous enemy.
（13）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。
No such thing has ever happened in this village.
（14）never、ever置于作主语的名词前，这些名词前不用冠词。
Never did student study so hard.这个学生从未学得这么认真。
（15）有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力，或为了引起注意力，省去a(n)或the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、公告、提纲、书名等。
Conference opens.会议召开了。
2.定冠词的使用情况
（1）使用定冠词的一般情况。
①特指或第二次提到。
②序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。
③用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。
（2）定冠词使用特殊的场合。
① He hit him in the face.
beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head
② the rich, the poor, the wounded 富人，穷人，伤员
③ the elder of the two, the more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位，较漂亮的一个
④ The sooner, the better.越快越好。
⑤ He got paid by the hour.他是按小时付工钱的。
by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year/ the day/the year…
但：by weight按重量
⑥ in the 50s /in the 1870s（表示年代）
⑦ the Smiths/the Whites（表示一家人或夫妇俩）
⑧ in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/
rain
⑨ tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home
⑩ 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容，特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时，
它与定冠词连用：
She is fond of music.
He is playing the music written by Beethoven.
Good advice is beyond price.
I’m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.
3.不定冠词常用的几种情况
（1）表示“一”相当于“one”。I’ll return in a day or two.
（2）表示“每”相当于“per”。We have three meals a day.
（3）表示“同一性”相当于“the same”。The children are of an age.
（4）表示类指，表示“某类”。He wants to he a doctor.
（5）表示泛指，相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal.
（6）表示某一个，相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you.
（7）与抽象名词连用，可以表示“一场、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件乐事，a surprise一件令人惊讶的事，a joy一件高兴的事，a pity一件遗憾的事，an honour一个（件）经以为荣的人(事)。
（8）与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。
What a heavy rain!
What a good supper!
Please give me a black coffee!
（9）序数词前面一加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”之意。
He has failed twice in P.E test, and he is wondering whether he has a chance to have a third try.
（10）a与adj的比较级连用表示 “一个较……..”
精典名题导解
—If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.
—Ok, but do you have ____ size in blue? This one's a bit tight for me.
A. a big　　　 B. a bigger　　　　 C. the big　　　　D. the bigger
It there were no examinations ,we should have ______ at school.
A. the happiest time　　　　　　　　      B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time　　　　　　　　   D. a much happier time
4.冠词表类别的常见方式
（1）定冠词 + 单数可数名词，表示一个，代表一类。
The computer was invented in 1945.
The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.
The horse is a useful animal.
（2）不定冠词 + 单数可数名词（表示任意一个，某一个）。
A pen is a tool for writing.
A square has four sides.
A horse is a useful animal.
注意：man, woman表示泛指时，不用冠词，且常用单数。如：
Man is fighting a battle against pollution.
Man tries to be the protector of woman.
（3）可数名词或不可数名词，指类别（考虑到同类中的各个情况）。
Horses are useful animals.
Rice is a kind of food.
精典名题导解
1. The warmth of ____________sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ___________wool used.（NMET 2001）
A．The ; the        B．the ; /      C．/; the       D．/; /
2. Most animals have little connection with _________animals of ___________different kind unless they kill them for food.（NMET 2000）
A．the … a     B．/ … a      C．the … the      D．/ … the
5.冠词位置问题
（1）不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。
This is a very interesting story.
（2）such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。
I’ve never seen such a film!
Half a pound of pork,please!
What a good idea it is!
（3）as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
I can’t finish the task in so short a time.
This seems not too long a distance.
We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.
However low te price you paid,you waste your money.
He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear.
（4）定冠词位置。
①half、twice、three times + the + 名词
He paid twice the price for it.
Their house is three times the size of yours.
②all、both、double + the + 名词
Both the blind men were mistaken.
All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.
I offered him double the amount, but he still refused.
数 词
一. 数的表达
（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：
范  围
特  点
实    例
1~12
无规律
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13~19
以teen为结尾
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20~90
以ty结尾
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
21~99
十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-”
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine
101~999
百位与十位之间通常用and
three hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将and省略）
千以上
6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200—twelve hundred
（二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：
范  围
特  点
实    例
1~19
各基数词尾加th
其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four — forth, six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth
20,30~90
把y变i后加eth
twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth
21以后多位数
最后一个数用序数词，其余用基数词
21st — twenty-first, 110th — one hundred and tenth
（三）数词的用法：
1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表
示例
英语表示法
2001．6．30
June 30,2001  30June,2001  30thJune, 2001
7：25
seven twenty-five  twenty-five past even
12:54
twelve fifty four  six to one
9:15
nine fifteen  a quarter past nine
2:30
two thirty  half past two
21:50
twenty-one fifty  9:50p.m.
第21
twenty-first
第123
one hundred and twenty-third
a half
two and two-fifths
20%
20 per cent  20 percent
第七路公共汽车
Bus Number Seven
第201房间
Room 201
人民路153号
153 Renmin Road
4+8 =12
Four plus eight is twelve
11-7=4
Eleven minus seven is four.
6×5=30
Six times five is thirty.
20÷5=4
twenty divided by five is four.
A＞B
A is more than B.
A＜B
A is less than B.
A≈B
A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.
A≠B
A is not equal to B.
2.约数表示法列表
含义
英语表达
例句
大于某数
more than
He has lived here for more than twenty years.
over
she is over fifty.
or more
There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room.
小于某数
less than
I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.
under
Children under seven are not allowed to enter.
below
He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.
or less
The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.
大约（某数）
nearly
She is nearly fifty now.
almost
Its almost three o'clock.
up to
Up to ten men can sleep in this tent.
or
He spent four or five days writing the article.
or so
The distance is twenty miles or so.
about
I visited that village about three years ago.
some
Their team has some four or five players.
more or less
The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.
around/round
Let's make it round/around eight o'clock.
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表
被修饰名词的数
英语表达
汉译
修饰可数名词
dozens of
几十、许多
scores of
许多
many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词)
许多、大量
hundreds of
数以百计
thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of
成千上万
millions of
数百万
billions of
亿万
修饰不可数名词
much , a great (good)deal of ,
a large amount of ,large amounts of
许多、大量
修饰可数名词或不可数名词
a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, 　　a large quantity of ,
large quantities of
许多、大量
二、考点聚焦
1、序号表示法
（1）单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。如：No.1第一号
（2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：
①对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the +
序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。
②对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词。如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。
③可用a / the + number + 基数词 + 名词。如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。
2、倍数的表达方式
一般情况下我们用以下三种倍数表达方式：
（1）倍数用在as + 形容词 / 副词（原级）+ as结构之前。如：
They have three times as many cows as we do.
（2）倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by + 倍数用在比较级之后。如：
This rope is four times longer than that one.
They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.
（3）倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数 + the + size / length / weight … + of + 表示比较对象的名词，也可用于倍数 + what引导的从句中。如：
This room is three times the size of that one.
The college is twice what it was 5 years age.
You can’t imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.
3、大约数的表示方法
（1）用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念。如：
The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.
Thousands of people died in the earthquake.
Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.
（2）用、less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如：
He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.
（3）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：
Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.
（4）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右。如：
About 50 people were present at that time.
（5）用to、from … to…、between … and表示介于两数词。如：
His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.
（6）注意事项：dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。
4、分数的表达方式
（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths七分之三。
（2）分子与分母之间加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。
（3）分子与分母之间加out of , 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五。
5、百分数的表示法
（1）表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。
（2）分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数 ＋of  + 冠词 / 限定词 + 名词 / 代词 ，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致，如：
Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.
About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.
6、小数的表示法
小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用point,小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65表示为nine point six five。218.39表示为two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. ____________ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.(2001年上海春季高考卷)
A.Several million           B.Many millions
C.Several millions          D.Many million
解析：答案为A。本题考查的是million表示确切数量的用法。million前需用数表确切数量，而不用many这类词，但可说many millions of（上百万的），故本题中用Several million。
2. The number of people invited __________ fifty, but a number of them __________ absent for different reasons.(NMET  96)
A.were ; was      B.was ; was      C.was ; were      D.were ; were
解析：答案为C。本题考查的是the number of + 名词与a number of  + 名词作主语时谓语的单复数问题。the number of是“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，而a number of 后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式，故此题最佳选项为C。
3. Shortly after the accident, two ___________ police were sent to the sport to keep order .(NMET  92)
A.dozens of       B.dozens        C.dozen          D.dozen of
解析：答案为C。此题考查的是数词dozen表示确切数量时的用法，dozen表示确切数量时用其单数形式，当dozens的复数后接of时则表示不确切数量，本题答案为C。
冠词与数词
1．He has       great interest in history，especially in      history of Tang Dynasty．
A．a；the           B．a；不填          C．不填；the        D．不填；a
2．The party last night was       success．we sang and danced until it came to       end at twelve．
A．a；the            B．the；an           C．a；an           D．不填；an
3．While Jane was cooking fish on       open fire outside，her hair caught．      fire．
A．不填；a          B．不填；不填        C．an；a          D．an；不填
4．Young as he is，David has gained       rich experience in       society．
A．不填；不填       B．the；the           C．a；不填        D．不填；the
5．People regard the wheel as       invention of the
first importance in       human history．
A．an；the           B．an；不填          C．the；the        D．the；不填
6．Mr Stock，who is in Mexico on       ，runs       small business．
A．business；a       B．business；不填     C．the business；a   D．business；不填
7．Fortunately he will go on       holiday in       place of Brown．
A．不填；the        B．不填；不填        C．不填；a         D．the；不填
8．Zhang Hua is a student at       ．
A．the University of Beijing                  B．the Beijing University
C．Beijing University                       D．University of Beijing
9．Many people are still in       habit of writing silly things in       public places．
A．the；the          B．不填；不填        C．the；不填        D．不填；the
10．Wouldn’t it be       wonderful world if all nations
lived in       peace with one another?
A．a；不填        B．the；不填          C．a；the           D．the；the
11．Your uncle must have       X- ray examination．
A．a              B．不填               C．the              D．an
12．I remember he lives in       south，so we shouldn’t be walking to       west．
A．the；the        B．不填；不填         C．不填；the        D．the；不填
13．Where is       ?
A．the manager office                      B．the office of the manager
C．the manager’s office                     D．the office of the manager’s
14．Five  years  ago  her  brother  was       university student of       physics．
A．an；the          B．a；不填           C．an；不填            D．a；the
15．—Do you know who invented       telephone?
—No，but it is really       most useful invention．
A．the；the         B．a；a               C．the；a              D．a；the
16．Summers in       south of France are for       most part dry and sunny．
A．不填；a         B．the；不填          C．不填；不填         D．the；the
17．The police have       power to arrest bad people by       1aw．
A．the；the         B．不填；the          C．不填；不填         D．the；不填
18．—Do you like the novels?
—I don’t like either of them．Please show me      third one．
A．a               B．the                C．不填               D．an
19．Keep away from the cage.       lion is      fierce animal．
A．The；the        B．A；the             C．A；不填           D．a；不填
20．Now the machine runs at double       .
A．a speed         B．speed               C．the speed           D．for speed
21．My mother is usually on       duty in her office every       few days．
A．the；a         B．不填；不填          C．不填；a            D．a；不填
22．My brother likes to play       football while my sister prefers to play      violin．
A．不填；a       B．不填；不填          C．the；不填           D．the；the
23．I came by       sea and I had a 1ovely journey on       Queen Elizabeth II．
A．不填；the         B．the；不填         C．不填：不填        D．the；the
24．Cleaning  women  in  big  cities  usually  get  paid
A．by a hour          B．by an hour         C．by the hour         D．by hours
25．—I’m afraid I dare not speak in       public．
—Just have       try．
A．a；不填           B．不填；a          C．the；a             D．the；the
26．—What’s your elder sister?
—She is       teacher and      writer．
A．the；the           B．a；不填          C．a；a               D．the；a
27．She plays       violin fairly well and makes a living by teaching       violin．
A．the；不填         B．不填；不填       C．a；不填            D．a；a
28．These two rooms are of       size．But another two rooms are three times       size of them．
A．the；the          B．a；the            C．a；a               D．the；a
29．He served in the army in       when he was in
A．1940’s；his twenties                     B．the 1940s；the twenties
C．1940s’；his twenties                     D．the 1940’s；his twenties
30．This computer centre is       larger than that one in the area．
A．one sixth         B．four ninths         C．fifth four           D．two third
31．Paper produced every year is       the world’s production of vehicles．
A．the three times weight of                 B．three times the weight of
C．as three tirues heavy                    D．three times as heavier as
32．The hero of the story is an artist in his       ．
A．thirtieth         B．thirty              C．thirty’s             D．thirties
33．Mr Smith       me to buy several       eggs for the dinner．
A．asked；dozen                         B．suggested；dozens of
C．had；dozen                           D．persuaded；dozens
34．—Tell me where you live，please．
—I live       ．
A．in 123，King Street                    B．at 123，King Street
C．in King Street，123                    D．at King Street，123
35．30％ of the cattle       thin，but the rest       fat．
A．are；are        B．is；is             C．is；are              D．are；is
冠词与数词
1-5 ACDAB  6-10 ABCCA  11-15 DDCBC  16-20 DDADC 21-25 BAACB
26-30 BABDA   31-35 BDABA