瑞典诗人获得诺贝尔文学奖

Tomas Tranströmer, the Swedish poet whose sometimes bleak but powerful work explores themes of nature, isolation and identity, won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday.

瑞典诗人特朗斯特罗姆周四获得2011年诺贝尔文学奖，其作品有时阴郁，但充满力量，探索自然、孤独与身份的奥义。

Announcing the award in Stockholm, the Swedish Academy praised Mr. Tranströmer, saying that “through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality.”

瑞典文学院在斯德哥尔摩宣布奖项时，称赞特朗斯特罗姆“以他的精致澄明的意象给予我们通达现实的崭新途径。”

Neil Astley, the editor of Bloodaxe Books in Britain, called Mr. Tranströmer “a metaphysical visionary poet.”The assembled press broke out in loud cheers at the news that Mr. Transtrõmer, who was born in Stockholm, had won the prize.

Neil Astley，英国的Bloodaxe Books的编辑，将特朗斯特罗姆称为“一位玄想诗人。”聚集着的媒体听到生于斯德哥尔摩的特朗斯特罗姆获得该奖的消息时，爆发巨大的欢呼。

Mr. Tranströmer, 80, has written more than 15 collections of poetry, many of which have been translated into English and 60 other languages.

80岁的特朗斯特罗姆创作了超过15本诗集，被翻译成包括英语在内的60多种语言。（译注：中译本《特朗斯特罗姆诗全集》由南海出版公司出版，李笠翻译。）

“His poetry is both universal and particular,” Mr. Astley said. “It’s complex but very direct at the same time. He’s worked for much of his life as a psychologist, and the work is characterized by very strong psychological insight into humanity.”

“他的诗歌既普世又特殊，”Asley先生说。“它很复杂，同时又很直接。他大半生都在当心理医生，他的诗歌义一种十分强烈的对人性的心理学洞见为特质。”

Mr. Tranströmer, whose mother was a schoolteacher and father a journalist, studied literature, history, religion and psychology at the University of Stockholm, graduating in 1956. He briefly worked as a psychologist at a youth correctional facility.

特朗斯特罗姆，其母是一名学校教师，其父是一名记者，在斯德哥尔摩大学学习文学、历史、宗教和心理学，于1956年毕业。他曾在一间青年教管所短暂担任心理医生的工作。

His following in the United States began to grow in the 1960’s. In 1990, Mr. Tranströmer suffered a stroke that left him mostly unable to speak.

20世纪60年代之后他在美国的追随者开始增多。1990年特朗斯特罗姆患中风，使他基本无法说话。

Writing in The Guardian, Paul Batchelor reviewed Mr. Tranströmer’s "New Collected Poems," released in paperback this year. "He does not present his poems as nuggets of wisdom to be pondered," Mr. Batchelor wrote. "Instead, they tend to chart a progression from concrete reality to a heightened state of awareness."

Paul Batchelor在《卫报》上评论了特朗斯特罗姆的今年以平装本发行的《新诗集》。“他不将他的诗歌展现成有待琢磨的智慧碎块，”Batchelor先生写道。“相反，它们倾向于追踪从具体现实升华至一种明见境地的进程，”

Peter Englund, the permanent secretary of the academy, said this week that the Nobel committee had increased the number of “scouts” it employs to scour for books in non-European languages, showing it was sensitive to criticism that the prize is too Eurocentric. Europeans have won an overwhelming number of the literature prizes in the last decade; the last American writer to win a Nobel was Toni Morrison in 1993.

Peter Englund,瑞典文学院的常务秘书长，这周表示诺贝尔评委会已经增加了它雇来搜集非欧洲语言作品的“书探”，这表明它对于该奖过于欧洲中心主义的批评甚为敏感。在过于十年中，欧洲人赢得诺贝尔文学奖的次数是压倒性的；上个赢得诺贝尔的美国作家是1993年的托尼·莫里森。

The committee noted after the announcement Thursday that it had been many years since a Swede had won the prize. The last time it happened was in 1974, when two Swedish authors, Eyvind Johnson and Harry Martinson, shared the prize.

委员会在周四的发布会后表示上次瑞典人获得该奖是很多年前的事情了。那是在1974年，两位瑞典作家Eyvind Johnson和Harry Martinson分享该奖。

Despite the public’s best efforts, most predictions of the winner turn out to be wrong. In 2010, the Syrian-born poet Adonis topped many speculative lists, and instead the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa came away a surprise winner.

尽管公众绞尽脑汁，绝大多数的获奖预测最终被证明是错误的。在2010年，叙利亚诗人阿多尼位列很多投机榜单头名，但秘鲁作家马里奥·巴尔加萨·略萨最终令人惊喜地获奖。

Along with perennial favorites including Philip Roth, Cees Nooteboom, and Ko Un, a late-breaking rumor emerged on Wednesday that Bob Dylan had emerged as the top contender for the prize, according to bettors on Ladbrokes, Britain’s largest bookmaker.

除了一些长年热门人选如菲利普·罗斯，赛斯·诺特博姆和高银，周三爆出的传言是鲍勃·迪伦成为该奖的头号夺冠候选人，该消息来自英国最大书商Ladbrokes的赌家。

This year, many members of the literary world predicted that the Nobel committee, whose decisions have frequently appeared to be influenced by politics, would choose an Arab writer in a nod to the spiraling protests in the Middle East.

今年，很多文学界人士预测，频繁受政治影响的诺贝尔评委会将挑选一位阿拉伯作家来支持中东地区的急剧上升的反抗声浪。

Since 1901, 103 Nobel Prizes in Literature have been awarded. The prize comes with an honorarium of 10 million kronor, or about $1.5 million.

自1901年起，诺贝尔文学奖已颁发了103次。该奖项伴有一千万克朗的奖金，约合一千五百万美元。

译者附  特朗斯特罗姆诗三首，李笠译：

                    果戈理

　　登上你的火马车吧，离开这国家！

                   黑色的山

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      死亡胎记用不同的速度在大家的体内生长

       奔腾，奔腾的流水轰响古老的催眠

       小河淹没了废车场。在面具背后

       闪耀

       我紧紧抓住桥栏