九乡新闻网虚拟性爱体感游戏:信息技术发展造成脑力劳动者需求量下降？
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/07/02 19:11:19
《纽约时报》专栏作家保罗克鲁格曼在其博客上称，信息技术不是增加，而是可能减少高学历工作者的需求，因为很多高学历工作者的工作可以被先进的信息处理程序所取代。最近的一个例子是，做档案研究的律师的工作可以被廉价的软件替代，而计算机程序的优势之一是它们从来不会感到疲倦，需要连续几周阅读文献的人常常会感到头昏脑胀。克鲁格曼称，这一趋势引起了几个疑问：第一，教育是否真的是最后一搏的有效手段？第二，如果受到高等教育的人的收入也无法达到成为中产阶级的水平，我们如何维持一个体面的社会？他说，要知道参与卢德运动（卢德派成员：在1811年到1816年期间骚乱，并捣毁节省劳动力的纺织机器的英国工人。他们认为这些机器会减少就业）的人并不是最穷的人，而是被新技术淘汰的熟练技术工人。
MARCH 5, 2011, 5:08 PM
Falling Demand for Brains?
AMC
And now for something completelydifferent.
About 15 years ago, before I became aregular columnist, the Times asked me and a bunch of other people to contributeto a special edition celebrating the 100th anniversary of the NYT magazine. Thestated rule was that the pieces should be written as if submitted in 2096,looking back at the magazine’s second century.
As I recall, I was the only contributorwho obeyed instructions; everyone else was too concerned about loss of dignity.Anyway, I decided to write the piece around a conceit: that informationtechnology would end up reducing, not increasing, the demand for highlyeducated workers, because a lot of what highly educated workers do couldactually be replaced by sophisticated information processing — indeed, replacedmore easily than a lot of manual labor. Here’s the piece: Istill think it’s a fun read.
So here’s the question: is it startingto happen?
Today’s Times has an interesting and, ifyou think about it, fairly scary report about how software is replacing the teams of lawyers who used to do document research. Andthen there’s Watson, of course, who — which? — can beat almost everyone exceptmy Congressman at Jeopardy.
Getting a bit more serious, Larry Mishelwrote recently about the overselling of education,pointing out that the college wage premium, after rising sharply in the 80s and90s, has stagnated lately. Indeed. Here’s the ratio of earnings for full-timeworking men with college degrees versus those with high school, from theCensus:
Source.
In my mind this raises severalquestions. One is whether emphasizing education — even aside from the fact thatthe big rise in inequality has taken place among the highly educated — is, ineffect, fighting the last war. Another is how we have a decent society if andwhen even highly educated workers can’t command a middle-class income.
I know, it’s rushing ahead a bit; butremember, the Luddites weren’t the poorest of the poor, they were skilledartisans whose skills had suddenly beendevalued by new technology.
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