青梅竹马的鲜网小说:男同性恋者健康提示

男同性恋者的健康问题的范围可以从性传播疾病和滥用物品，到抑郁症和身体形象问题。了解这些重大健康风险，认识如何保护你自己。

Gay men and men who have sex with men are at increased risk of a number of health issues, including sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), depression and poor body image. Find out about these important health issues for gay men and take steps to promote a healthy lifestyle. 

男同性恋者和与男性发生性关系的男人的健康问题——包括性传播疾病（STDs）、抑郁症和身体形象不佳——的风险在增加。找出男同性恋者的这些重大健康问题，并采取措施推进健康的生活方式。

Protect yourself from HIV/AIDS and STDs

保护自己，远离艾滋和其它性传播疾病

Men who have sex with men are at increased risk of contracting HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, as well as other STDs, including gonorrhea and syphilis. To protect yourself: 

与男性发生性关系的男人提高了接触到HIV（引起艾滋病的病毒）和其他性传播疾病——包括淋病和梅毒——的风险。要保护自己：

Get tested and have your partner tested. Don't engage in unprotected sex unless you're certain your partner isn't infected with HIV or other STDs. Testing is important because many people don't know they're infected, and others may not be honest about their health.

■ 去做检查，让你的伴侣也去做检查。勿参与不设防的性活动，除非你确定你的伴侣没有感染HIV或者其他性传播疾病。检查是重要的，因为很多人不知道他们已经感染了，还有一些人可能隐瞒他们的健康状况。

Use a condom. Use a new latex or polyurethane condom every time you have sex. Use only water-based lubricants, not petroleum jelly, cold cream or oils. Oil-based lubricants can weaken latex condoms and cause them to break. During oral sex use a condom, dental dam — a small piece of latex — or plastic wrap. Keep sex toys safe by protecting them with a condom or cleaning them before and after every use.

■ 要用安全套。每次发生性行为的时候都要使用新的橡胶或聚氨酯安全套。仅使用水基润滑剂，不要用凡士林、雪花膏或者油。油基润滑剂会减弱橡胶安全套并引起破裂。口交时要使用安全套、牙用橡皮障（一个牙科用的小块橡胶布）或者保鲜膜。保持性玩具安全可靠，用安全套保护它们或者每次使用前后都清洗一下。1

Be monogamous. Stay with one sex partner who has tested negative for HIV and other STDs and who won't have sex with anyone but you.

■ 保持单个性伴侣。只跟一名经HIV和其它性传播疾病测试呈阴性反应的性伴侣在一起，并确知他不会和你以外的任何人发生性关系。

Limit the amount of alcohol you drink and don't use drugs. If you're under the influence, you're more likely to take sexual risks. If you choose to use injectable drugs, don't share needles.

■ 限制你的饮酒量，不要服用毒品。如果你被酒精或药物控制，你更有可能面临着性行为的风险。如果你选择使用可注射药物，不要共用针头。

Know the risks associated with sexual venues. Sexual venues such as bathhouses, sex parties and the Internet can facilitate multiple sexual partnerships and anonymous sexual encounters, as well as higher risk sexual behaviors.

■ 认识性交场所的相关风险。性交场所如公共浴室、性爱派对和互联网可能会引起多重性伴侣关系和匿名的性接触，还有高风险的性行为。

Get vaccinated. Vaccinations can protect you from the serious liver infections hepatitis A and hepatitis B, both of which can spread through unprotected sex.

■ 接种疫苗。甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎都可以通过不设防的性交传播，接种疫苗可以保护你免于遭受严重肝脏感染。

Remain vigilant. Potent anti-retroviral medications have reduced the number of AIDS deaths, but AIDS is still an illness for which there is no vaccine and no cure. Likewise, there isn't a cure for many other STDs, such as human papillomavirus or genital herpes. The best way to stay healthy is to protect yourself.

■ 保持警惕。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法已经减少了艾滋病死亡人数，但是艾滋病仍然是一种没有疫苗、无法治愈的疾病。同样地，其它很多性传播疾病也是无法治愈的，如人类乳头状瘤病毒或生殖器疱疹。保持身体健康的最好方法是保护自己。

Seek help for substance abuse

滥用物品，寻求帮助2

Drug and alcohol abuse is common among gay men. Sometimes substance abuse is a way to cope with shame and overcome fear, denial, anxiety or even revulsion about gay sex. In other cases it offers a buffer against rejection. Gay men who are victims of sexual abuse, physical abuse, violence or hate crimes also are at risk of drug and alcohol abuse. 

药物滥用和酗酒在男同性恋者中间是普遍存在的。有时候滥用物品是一种应对和战胜同性性交所带来的负面影响——羞耻感、恐惧、（被社会或其他人）否定、焦虑，甚至恶心——的方法。在一些情况下，它为拒绝提供了缓冲。遭受性虐待、身体虐待、暴力或者仇恨犯罪的男同性恋者正处于滥用药物和酒精的危险当中。

If you have a substance abuse problem, remember that help is available. Local lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health, mental health or community centers often provide substance abuse treatment. Organizations such as the National Association of Lesbian and Gay Addiction Professionals also may provide referrals. 

如果你有滥用物品的问题，记住帮助是有的。当地的女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变形健康中心、心理健康中心或者社区中心通常都会提供物品滥用治疗。一些组织如全国男女同性恋瘾专家协会也可以提供参考。

Stop smoking

戒烟

Gay and bisexual men are more likely to smoke than are heterosexual men. Potential reasons include increased stress and depression due to social alienation. 

男同性恋者和双性恋的男人比异性恋的男人更有可能吸烟。可能的理由包括压力增大和社会疏远引起精神抑郁。

Smokers face many health risks, including cancer. If you smoke, take the first step and decide to quit. Then take advantage of the many resources available to help you successfully quit smoking. 

吸烟人士面对着很多健康风险，包括癌症。如果你吸烟，那么走出你的第一步，决定戒烟。然后利用身边许多可获得的资源来帮助你成功戒烟。

Tackle depression

对抗抑郁

Depression is a common issue for gay men and men who have sex with men. Contributing factors may include lack of a domestic partner, anti-gay violence and community alienation. In some cases depression is related to a history of attempted suicide, child abuse or recent sexual dysfunction. The problem may be more severe for men who remain in the closet or those who don't have adequate social support. 

对男同性恋者和与男性发生性关系的男人来说，抑郁是一个普遍存在的问题。造成这种状况的原因可能包括缺乏一名家庭伴侣、反同性恋暴力行为和社区的疏远。在某些情况下，抑郁与企图自杀、虐待儿童或者短期性功能障碍的历史有关。对于还躲在衣柜里（指不公开表明身份）或者没有足够的社会支持的男人来说，问题可能更严重。

Left untreated, depression may lead to risky sexual behavior and a downward spiral of emotional, behavioral, health, and even legal and financial problems. If you think you may be depressed, talk to your doctor or seek help from a mental health provider. If you're reluctant to seek treatment, confide in a trusted friend or loved one. Sharing your feelings may be the first step toward getting treatment. 

如果放任不理，抑郁可能导致有危险的性行为和情绪的日渐低落、行为问题、健康问题，甚至还有法律和经济问题。如果你认为你可能意志消沉，那么请与你的医生倾诉或者向心理健康提供者寻求帮助。如果你不愿意寻求治疗，那么可以向一名值得信赖的朋友或心爱的人吐露。或许分享你的感受就是为迈向治疗走出第一步。

Recognize domestic violence

认清家庭暴力

Domestic violence can affect gay couples, too. You may be experiencing domestic violence if you're in a same-sex relationship with a man who: 

家庭暴力同样也会在男同性恋情侣之间出现。你或许正遭受着家庭暴力，如果你正与一个和下面描述一样的男人处于一段同性关系中：

Threatens to tell friends, family, colleagues or community members your sexual orientation or gender identity

■ 要挟你去告诉朋友、家庭、同事或社区成员你的性取向或者性别认同

Tells you that authorities won't help a homosexual, bisexual or transgendered person

■ 告诉你当权者不会帮助同性恋者、双性恋者或变性人

Tells you that leaving the relationship means you're admitting that homosexual relationships are deviant

■ 告诉你离开这段关系就意味着你认同同性恋关系是不正常的

Tells you that abuse is a normal part of homosexual relationships or that domestic violence can't occur in homosexual relationships

■ 告诉你虐待是同性恋关系中正常的一部分，或者告诉你家庭暴力不可能在同性恋关系中发生

Justifies abuse by telling you that you're not "really" homosexual, bisexual or transgender

■ 通过告诉你你不是“真正的”同性恋者、双性恋者或变形人来对虐待作出解释

Says that men are naturally violent 

■ 说男人天生暴力的

Portrays the violence as mutual and consensual

■ 把暴力描述成是共有的和一致同意的

Rationalizes the abuse as part of a sadomasochistic activity

■ 作为SM活动的一部分来合理化虐待行为

Domestic violence may leave you depressed and anxious. You may be more likely to abuse alcohol or drugs or engage in unprotected sex. Domestic violence can even trigger suicide attempts. If you're a victim of domestic violence, tell someone about the abuse, whether it's a friend, relative, health care provider or other close contact. Consider calling a domestic violence hot line for advice and creating a plan to leave your abuser. 

家庭暴力可能给你留下抑郁和焦虑。你或许更有可能酗酒、滥用药物或者参与不设防的性活动。家庭暴力甚至可能引发自杀企图。如果你是一名家庭暴力的受害者，把你的受虐告诉别人，无论他是一位朋友、亲戚、健康中心提供者，还是其他亲密的联系人。考虑一下拨打家庭暴力热线以寻求建议，并且制作一个计划离开你的施虐者。

Address body image problems

解决身体形象问题

Gay men are more likely to experience body image problems and eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, than are their straight counterparts. One explanation is that gay men aim to sexually attract men, which subjects them to the same kind of body image pressure as heterosexual women. Gay men also may engage in more social comparison than do heterosexual men, possibly causing gay men to feel more dissatisfied with their appearance. 

男同性恋者比异性恋的女人更有可能遭遇身体形象问题和饮食失调，如厌食症和暴食症。其中一种解释是，男同性恋者的目的是要性感地吸引男人，这令他们受制于与异性恋女人一样的身体形象压力。男同性恋者还比异性恋的男人可能吸引更多的社会比较，很可能导致男同性恋者对自己的外观感到更不满。

If you're struggling with body image problems or an eating disorder, get help. Talk to your doctor or a trusted friend or loved one. Together you may find possible treatment options. 

如果你正在与身体形象问题或饮食失调斗争，那么去寻求帮助。跟你的医生、值得信赖的朋友或者心爱的人倾诉。或许你们一起能寻找到可能的治疗方案。

Seek regular health care

寻求常规性医疗保健

Don't let fear of homophobia or the stigma associated with homosexuality prevent you from identifying yourself as gay or bisexual to your doctor or seeking routine health care. Instead, take charge of your health. Check with your doctor about routine screenings recommended for men in your age group. If you're not in a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship, schedule regular screenings for HIV and other STDs. Share any other health concerns you may have with your doctor as well. Remember, early diagnosis and treatment is often the key to long-term health.

不要让对同性恋的厌恶或与同性恋相关的污名阻止你向你的医生表明你是同性恋或双性恋的身份，或者阻止你去寻求常规性的医疗保健。相反地，要对你的健康负责任。向你的医生确认一下对你这个年龄段的男性所建议做的常规检查。如果你不是在一段长期的、双方都是单一性伴侣的关系中，那么请定制对HIV和其它性传播疾病的常规性检查。如果你还有其它健康问题在忧虑，不妨和你的医生倾诉。记住，及早诊断和治疗往往是保持你身体长期健康的关键。